BACKGROUND A.
Hernia, or better known as turunberok, is a disease caused by the decline over the weakening of the scrotal muscle layer of the abdominal wall. Patients with hernias, indeed most men, especially children. Most sufferers will feel the pain, if there is an infection in it, for example, if the children are too active sufferers.
Derived from the Latin, herniae, the prominence of the contents of a cavity through a thin connective tissue that is weak in the wall cavity. The weak cavity walls forming a bag by the door in the form of a ring. This disorder often occurs in the abdomen with the content that comes out of part of the intestine. A hernia that occurs in children, is due to defective procesus vaginalis to close in line with the decline in the testes or testicles. While the adults to a person, because of the high pressure in the abdominal cavity and due to aging that causes muscle weakness of the abdominal wall.
Hernia suffered by people who live in urban areas, which is actually filled with a flurry of activity as well as the proceeds of which require high stamina. If stamina is not good and continues to be forced then, hernia will soon be over her.
A description of the hernia and the nursing process will be discussed in the next chapter.
B. PROBLEM FORMULATION
What and how understanding, etiology, classification, stage, pathways, pathophysiology, diagnostic examinations, treatment, and nursing care to clients with a hernia.
C.TUJUAN
Students are able to understand the definition, etiology, classification, stage, pathways, pathophysiology, diagnostic examinations, treatment, and nursing care to clients with hernias
PART I
INTRODUCTION
A. Understanding
In general hernia is a protrusion of the contents proskusi or cavities of various internal organs through an abnormal opening or weakness in the muscles that surround and weakness in the connective tissue of an organ (Griffith, 1994) .Hernia is: bulge discharge organ or tissue through the wall of the cavity where the organs which is supposed to be closed in the normal state. Hernia or bowel down is an abnormal protrusion of an organ / part of an organ through the hole on the surrounding structures.
An inguinal hernia is a protrusion of a hernia that occurs in the inguinal canal (groin). Hernia surgery is surgery performed to restore the original position and isihernia close the hernia ring. Definition A hernia is a prominence of an organ or structure of organs and normal place malalui an effect konsenital or acquired. (Long, 1996: 246). A hernia is a prominence of the state of the intestinal contents of a cavity through the hole (Oswari, 2000: 216). A hernia is the protrusion of an organ, tissue or structure passing through the wall cavity that normally contains it is these parts (Nettina, 2001: 253). An inguinal hernia is a hernia that appears in the stomach contents groin area (inguinal region). (Oswari, 2000: 216)
B. CLASSIFICATION
Lots of explanation regarding the classification according to kinds of hernia, and the nature of the process. Here's the explanation:
Various kinds of hernia:
a. Various kinds of hernia is based according to the location, such as:
Inguinal 1. Inguinal hernia is further divided into:
· Indirect / lateral: This hernia occurs through the inguinal ring and passes spermatikus cord through the inguinal canal. It generally occurs in women priadaripada. High incidence in infants and young children. Hernias can be very large and often descend into the scrotum. Generally, the patient said turunberok, hernia or kelingsir or say a lump in the groin / pubic. The lump could shrink or disappear at bedtime and when crying, straining or lifting heavy objects or when the patient is standing positions can arise again
· Direk / medial: This hernia past the wall area abdomendi muscle weakness, not through channels such as the indirect inguinal hernia and femoral. It is more common in the elderly. Direct inguinal hernias are bertahapterjadi on this weak area due to congenital deficiency. A hernia is called direkta due directly to the external inguinal ring so that although the internal inguinal ring is pressed when the patient is standing or straining, still there will be bumps. If the hernia is up to the scrotum, then just be up to bagianatas scrotum, testes and funikulus while spermatikus can be separated from the hernia. In patients seen a round mass at the external inguinal ring is smaller when pasientidur. Because of the large defect in the wall hernias rarely posteriormaka be ireponibilis.
2 Femoral: Femoral hernias occur through the femoral ring and is more common in women than men. It began as a cap of fat in the femoral canal is enlarged and gradually pull the peritoneum and virtually unavoidable bladder into the bag. There is a high incidence of incarcerated and strangulated with this type of hernia.
3 Umbilical: an umbilical hernia in adults and is more common in women because of increased abdominal pressure. It usually occurs on the client obese and multiparous women. This type of hernia occurs in the previous surgical incision has healed due to inadequate post-operative problems such as infections, inadequate nutrition, extreme distention or obesity.
4 Incisional: intestinal stem or other organ protrudes through a weak scar tissue
b. Based on the occurrence, hernia divided into:
Pathogenesis of congenital or congenital hernia at the lateral inguinal hernia type (indirect): inguinal canal is a canal that is normal in fetus.Pada 8th month of pregnancy, occurs desensus melaluikanal the testes. Testicular descent will pull the peritoneum to the scrotum resulting in protrusion of the peritoneum is called the processus vaginalisperitonei. In infants who have been born, these processes generally have undergone obliteration of the abdominal cavity so that the contents can not pass through the canal. But in some ways, this canal does not close. Because the left testicle down first, then the right inguinal canal open more often. When the canal is left open, then usually the right is also open. Under normal circumstances, this open canal will close at the age of 2 months. Bilaprosesus open continuously (for not having obliteration) will arise lateral congenital inguinal hernia. To a person of the old canal has been closed. However, because it is the locus minoris resistensie, then the keadaanyang cause intra-abdominal pressure increases, the channel can open again and herniainguinalis arise lateral akuisita.
Hernia acquired or akuisita (acquisitus = obtained).
c. By their very nature, hernias can be called:
Hernia reponibel 1 / reducible, ie if the hernia contents out of the can. Intestines come out when standing or straining and enter again when lying down or pushed in, no complaints of pain or symptoms of intestinal obstruction.
Hernia ireponibel 2, ie if the hernia contents of the bag can not be returned into the cavity. This is usually caused by the contents of the bag attachment to the fairy Tonium kantonghernia. This is also called a hernia hernia accreta (accretus = attachment as fibrosis). No complaints of pain or signs of intestinal obstruction.
3. Hernia Strangulated or incarcerated (incarceratio = trapped, carcer = prison), which is sandwiched by the contents of the hernia when the hernia ring. Incarcerated hernia contents of the bag means trapped, unable to return to the abdominal cavity with the consequences for the passage or vascularization disorders. Clinically "incarcerated hernia" is intended for hernia ireponibel with impaired passage, whereas vascularization disorders referred to as "herniastrangulata". Strangulated hernia resulting in necrosis of the abdominal contents in it because it does not have blood vessels due to pinched suppliers. A hernia is an emergency jenisini therefore need to get help immediately.
C. Etiology
Inguinal Hernia / Congenital
Inguinal hernias can occur due to congenital anomalies or because obtained. More in men than in women. Factors considered causal role is the presence of an open processus vaginalis, elevation of pressure in the abdominal cavity (due to pregnancy, chronic cough, a job lifting heavy objects, straining during defecation and micturition, for example due to prostatic hypertrophy) and abdominal wall muscle weakness due to age.
The presence of a patent processus vaginalis is not a single cause but necessary faktorlain hernia like inguinal ring is quite large. Intra-abdominal pressure is chronically elevated as batukkronik, prostate hypertrophy, constipation and anxiety are often accompanied by inguinal hernia. In the pathophysiology of inguinal hernia is the most bowel prolapse inguinal ring into the scrotum at the top of the bag, caused by weakness or failure of closing that is congenital.
Incarcerated hernia occurs when the intestine is prolapsed it causes constriction of the blood supply to the scrotum pouch, then the symptoms they will experience pain and bowel obstruction symptoms (abdominal bloating, pain kolikabdomen, no flatus, no feces, vomit)
The weakness of the abdominal wall muscles, among others, caused by damage n.ilioinguinalis and n.iliofemoralis after apendiktomi.
Persistent processus vaginalis of the peritoneum
· Testicular not until the scrotum, so keep an open processus new decline occurred 1-2 days before the birth, so processus not time to close and at the time of birth is still open
· Predilection place: the right side because the right testis desensus after having left first.
· Can appear during infancy or after adult. Indirect hernias in infants associated dengancriptocismus and hidroceleb.
b. Femoral hernia
Generally found in older women, the incidence in women is approximately 4 times the male. The entrance is a femoral hernia femoral ring. In pathophysiologic elevation of intra-abdominal pressure will push the pre peritoneal fat into the femoral canal will be opening the hernia. Other factors are multiparous pregnancy, obesity and connective tissue degeneration due to old age
There is a predisposing factor:
Structural weaknesses aponeurosis and fascia tranversa
In the elderly because of degeneration / atrophy
Increased intra-abdominal pressure
Job lifting heavy objects
chronic cough
CHAPTER disorders, eg ani structure, hard stools
BAK disorders, eg BPH, veskolitiasis
Often breeds: femoral hernia (karisyogya.blog.m3-access.com)
D. Pathophysiology
A hernia develops when intra-abdominal pressure such as pressure grew when lifting something heavy, when defecating or coughing or sneezing strong movement of the intestines and abdominal muscles stricken, excessive pressure on the abdominal area will certainly lead to a possible weakness due to abdominal wall is thin or not enough strength in the area where the condition existed or occurred on a long development process, abdominal surgery and obesity. First of all very minor damage to the abdominal wall, hernia occurs later. Because the organs are always always done heavy work and takes place within the cukuplama, resulting in the protrusion and cause damage very parah.sehingga eventually cause stomach pouch be contained in or experiencing weakness if the blood supply is disrupted dangerous and can lead to gangrene .
E. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
1) Conservative therapy / non-surgical include:
- The use of temporary buffer such as the use of a belt / corset padahernia ventralis.
- Do postural repositioning in patients with hernias inkaseata who showed no symptoms of systemic
2) common therapy is operative therapy.
3) If the successful repositioning effort herniografi surgery can be performed effectively.
4) If a white power operation Hernia contents doubt, given a warm compress and after 5 minutes in the re-evaluation.
5) If you find that the less powerful abdominal wall surgery should be used to strengthen the abdominal wall marleks local.
6) Engineering plastic hernia, an endoscopic approach with the patient in a lying position trendelernberg 40o C
7) Treatment with administration of pain medications, such as acetaminophen, antibiotics to eradicate the infection, and drug stool softeners to prevent constipation.
8) a liquid diet until the gastrointestinal tract functions again, then eat a balanced diet and high protein to accelerate constipation and mengadan during a bowel movement, avoid coffee coffee, tea, chocolate, cola, alcoholic beverages can aggravate the symptoms.
9) Avoid heavy activities.
F. Complications
v recurrent hernia,
v Damage to the blood supply, nerves if pasienlaki testes or male,
Excessive bleeding v / lluka surgical infections,
v Injury to the bowel (if not careful),
v After herniografi hematoma can occur,
v Fostes urine and feces,
v Residip,
v Complications long is testicular atrophy due to lesions
NURSING MANAGEMENT G.
assessment
Post operative assessment of the patient's (Doenges, 1999) are included:
circulation
Symptoms: a history of heart problems, CHF, edemapulmonal, peripheral vascular disease, or stasisvascular (increased risk of thrombus formation).
ego integrity
Symptoms: feelings of anxiety, fear, anger, apathy; multiple stress factors, such as financial, relationship, lifestyle. Mark: can not break, the increase in tension / sensitive excitatory; sympathetic stimulation.
Food / fluid
Symptoms: pancreatic insufficiency / DM, (predisposing to hypoglycemia / ketoacidosis); malnutrition (termasukobesitas); dry mucous membranes (restriction intake / preoperative fasting period).
breathing
Symptoms: infection, chronic conditions / cough, smoking.
security
Symptoms: allergic / sensitive to medications, foods, plasters, and solutions; Immune deficiency (peningkaan risk of systemic infection and delay healing); The emergence of cancer / cancer therapies latest; Family history of malignant hyperthermia / anesthesia reaction; History penyakithepatic (effect of detoxification of drugs and may alter coagulation); History of blood transfusion / transfusion reactions.
Signs: menculnya infection exhausting process; fever.
Counseling / Learning
Symptoms: pengguanaan anticoagulation, steroids, antibiotics, antihypertensive, cardiotonic glokosid, antidisritmia, bronchodilator, diuretic, decongestant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant or tranquilizer and also the-counter medicines, or recreational drugs. Alcohol use (risk of kidney damage, which affects coagulation and choice of anesthesia, and also post-surgery potensialbagi withdrawal)
2 Nursing Diagnosis recurring
Postoperative period (Doenges, 1999).
Impaired sense of comfort (pain) associated with diskontuinitas network due to surgery.
Risk of infection associated with surgical incision / surgery.
Disruption of sleep patterns associated with postoperative pain.
Activity intolerance related to general weakness.
Post surgery care diagnostics (Doengoes 1999)
1) Impaired sense of comfort (pain) associated dengandiskontuinitas network due to surgery.
Purpose: Pain is lost or reduced
Criteria results:
- The client revealed reduced pain
- Vital signs are normal
- The patient appeared calm and relaxed
Hernia, or better known as turunberok, is a disease caused by the decline over the weakening of the scrotal muscle layer of the abdominal wall. Patients with hernias, indeed most men, especially children. Most sufferers will feel the pain, if there is an infection in it, for example, if the children are too active sufferers.
Derived from the Latin, herniae, the prominence of the contents of a cavity through a thin connective tissue that is weak in the wall cavity. The weak cavity walls forming a bag by the door in the form of a ring. This disorder often occurs in the abdomen with the content that comes out of part of the intestine. A hernia that occurs in children, is due to defective procesus vaginalis to close in line with the decline in the testes or testicles. While the adults to a person, because of the high pressure in the abdominal cavity and due to aging that causes muscle weakness of the abdominal wall.
Hernia suffered by people who live in urban areas, which is actually filled with a flurry of activity as well as the proceeds of which require high stamina. If stamina is not good and continues to be forced then, hernia will soon be over her.
A description of the hernia and the nursing process will be discussed in the next chapter.
B. PROBLEM FORMULATION
What and how understanding, etiology, classification, stage, pathways, pathophysiology, diagnostic examinations, treatment, and nursing care to clients with a hernia.
C.TUJUAN
Students are able to understand the definition, etiology, classification, stage, pathways, pathophysiology, diagnostic examinations, treatment, and nursing care to clients with hernias
PART I
INTRODUCTION
A. Understanding
In general hernia is a protrusion of the contents proskusi or cavities of various internal organs through an abnormal opening or weakness in the muscles that surround and weakness in the connective tissue of an organ (Griffith, 1994) .Hernia is: bulge discharge organ or tissue through the wall of the cavity where the organs which is supposed to be closed in the normal state. Hernia or bowel down is an abnormal protrusion of an organ / part of an organ through the hole on the surrounding structures.
An inguinal hernia is a protrusion of a hernia that occurs in the inguinal canal (groin). Hernia surgery is surgery performed to restore the original position and isihernia close the hernia ring. Definition A hernia is a prominence of an organ or structure of organs and normal place malalui an effect konsenital or acquired. (Long, 1996: 246). A hernia is a prominence of the state of the intestinal contents of a cavity through the hole (Oswari, 2000: 216). A hernia is the protrusion of an organ, tissue or structure passing through the wall cavity that normally contains it is these parts (Nettina, 2001: 253). An inguinal hernia is a hernia that appears in the stomach contents groin area (inguinal region). (Oswari, 2000: 216)
B. CLASSIFICATION
Lots of explanation regarding the classification according to kinds of hernia, and the nature of the process. Here's the explanation:
Various kinds of hernia:
a. Various kinds of hernia is based according to the location, such as:
Inguinal 1. Inguinal hernia is further divided into:
· Indirect / lateral: This hernia occurs through the inguinal ring and passes spermatikus cord through the inguinal canal. It generally occurs in women priadaripada. High incidence in infants and young children. Hernias can be very large and often descend into the scrotum. Generally, the patient said turunberok, hernia or kelingsir or say a lump in the groin / pubic. The lump could shrink or disappear at bedtime and when crying, straining or lifting heavy objects or when the patient is standing positions can arise again
· Direk / medial: This hernia past the wall area abdomendi muscle weakness, not through channels such as the indirect inguinal hernia and femoral. It is more common in the elderly. Direct inguinal hernias are bertahapterjadi on this weak area due to congenital deficiency. A hernia is called direkta due directly to the external inguinal ring so that although the internal inguinal ring is pressed when the patient is standing or straining, still there will be bumps. If the hernia is up to the scrotum, then just be up to bagianatas scrotum, testes and funikulus while spermatikus can be separated from the hernia. In patients seen a round mass at the external inguinal ring is smaller when pasientidur. Because of the large defect in the wall hernias rarely posteriormaka be ireponibilis.
2 Femoral: Femoral hernias occur through the femoral ring and is more common in women than men. It began as a cap of fat in the femoral canal is enlarged and gradually pull the peritoneum and virtually unavoidable bladder into the bag. There is a high incidence of incarcerated and strangulated with this type of hernia.
3 Umbilical: an umbilical hernia in adults and is more common in women because of increased abdominal pressure. It usually occurs on the client obese and multiparous women. This type of hernia occurs in the previous surgical incision has healed due to inadequate post-operative problems such as infections, inadequate nutrition, extreme distention or obesity.
4 Incisional: intestinal stem or other organ protrudes through a weak scar tissue
b. Based on the occurrence, hernia divided into:
Pathogenesis of congenital or congenital hernia at the lateral inguinal hernia type (indirect): inguinal canal is a canal that is normal in fetus.Pada 8th month of pregnancy, occurs desensus melaluikanal the testes. Testicular descent will pull the peritoneum to the scrotum resulting in protrusion of the peritoneum is called the processus vaginalisperitonei. In infants who have been born, these processes generally have undergone obliteration of the abdominal cavity so that the contents can not pass through the canal. But in some ways, this canal does not close. Because the left testicle down first, then the right inguinal canal open more often. When the canal is left open, then usually the right is also open. Under normal circumstances, this open canal will close at the age of 2 months. Bilaprosesus open continuously (for not having obliteration) will arise lateral congenital inguinal hernia. To a person of the old canal has been closed. However, because it is the locus minoris resistensie, then the keadaanyang cause intra-abdominal pressure increases, the channel can open again and herniainguinalis arise lateral akuisita.
Hernia acquired or akuisita (acquisitus = obtained).
c. By their very nature, hernias can be called:
Hernia reponibel 1 / reducible, ie if the hernia contents out of the can. Intestines come out when standing or straining and enter again when lying down or pushed in, no complaints of pain or symptoms of intestinal obstruction.
Hernia ireponibel 2, ie if the hernia contents of the bag can not be returned into the cavity. This is usually caused by the contents of the bag attachment to the fairy Tonium kantonghernia. This is also called a hernia hernia accreta (accretus = attachment as fibrosis). No complaints of pain or signs of intestinal obstruction.
3. Hernia Strangulated or incarcerated (incarceratio = trapped, carcer = prison), which is sandwiched by the contents of the hernia when the hernia ring. Incarcerated hernia contents of the bag means trapped, unable to return to the abdominal cavity with the consequences for the passage or vascularization disorders. Clinically "incarcerated hernia" is intended for hernia ireponibel with impaired passage, whereas vascularization disorders referred to as "herniastrangulata". Strangulated hernia resulting in necrosis of the abdominal contents in it because it does not have blood vessels due to pinched suppliers. A hernia is an emergency jenisini therefore need to get help immediately.
C. Etiology
Inguinal Hernia / Congenital
Inguinal hernias can occur due to congenital anomalies or because obtained. More in men than in women. Factors considered causal role is the presence of an open processus vaginalis, elevation of pressure in the abdominal cavity (due to pregnancy, chronic cough, a job lifting heavy objects, straining during defecation and micturition, for example due to prostatic hypertrophy) and abdominal wall muscle weakness due to age.
The presence of a patent processus vaginalis is not a single cause but necessary faktorlain hernia like inguinal ring is quite large. Intra-abdominal pressure is chronically elevated as batukkronik, prostate hypertrophy, constipation and anxiety are often accompanied by inguinal hernia. In the pathophysiology of inguinal hernia is the most bowel prolapse inguinal ring into the scrotum at the top of the bag, caused by weakness or failure of closing that is congenital.
Incarcerated hernia occurs when the intestine is prolapsed it causes constriction of the blood supply to the scrotum pouch, then the symptoms they will experience pain and bowel obstruction symptoms (abdominal bloating, pain kolikabdomen, no flatus, no feces, vomit)
The weakness of the abdominal wall muscles, among others, caused by damage n.ilioinguinalis and n.iliofemoralis after apendiktomi.
Persistent processus vaginalis of the peritoneum
· Testicular not until the scrotum, so keep an open processus new decline occurred 1-2 days before the birth, so processus not time to close and at the time of birth is still open
· Predilection place: the right side because the right testis desensus after having left first.
· Can appear during infancy or after adult. Indirect hernias in infants associated dengancriptocismus and hidroceleb.
b. Femoral hernia
Generally found in older women, the incidence in women is approximately 4 times the male. The entrance is a femoral hernia femoral ring. In pathophysiologic elevation of intra-abdominal pressure will push the pre peritoneal fat into the femoral canal will be opening the hernia. Other factors are multiparous pregnancy, obesity and connective tissue degeneration due to old age
There is a predisposing factor:
Structural weaknesses aponeurosis and fascia tranversa
In the elderly because of degeneration / atrophy
Increased intra-abdominal pressure
Job lifting heavy objects
chronic cough
CHAPTER disorders, eg ani structure, hard stools
BAK disorders, eg BPH, veskolitiasis
Often breeds: femoral hernia (karisyogya.blog.m3-access.com)
D. Pathophysiology
A hernia develops when intra-abdominal pressure such as pressure grew when lifting something heavy, when defecating or coughing or sneezing strong movement of the intestines and abdominal muscles stricken, excessive pressure on the abdominal area will certainly lead to a possible weakness due to abdominal wall is thin or not enough strength in the area where the condition existed or occurred on a long development process, abdominal surgery and obesity. First of all very minor damage to the abdominal wall, hernia occurs later. Because the organs are always always done heavy work and takes place within the cukuplama, resulting in the protrusion and cause damage very parah.sehingga eventually cause stomach pouch be contained in or experiencing weakness if the blood supply is disrupted dangerous and can lead to gangrene .
E. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
1) Conservative therapy / non-surgical include:
- The use of temporary buffer such as the use of a belt / corset padahernia ventralis.
- Do postural repositioning in patients with hernias inkaseata who showed no symptoms of systemic
2) common therapy is operative therapy.
3) If the successful repositioning effort herniografi surgery can be performed effectively.
4) If a white power operation Hernia contents doubt, given a warm compress and after 5 minutes in the re-evaluation.
5) If you find that the less powerful abdominal wall surgery should be used to strengthen the abdominal wall marleks local.
6) Engineering plastic hernia, an endoscopic approach with the patient in a lying position trendelernberg 40o C
7) Treatment with administration of pain medications, such as acetaminophen, antibiotics to eradicate the infection, and drug stool softeners to prevent constipation.
8) a liquid diet until the gastrointestinal tract functions again, then eat a balanced diet and high protein to accelerate constipation and mengadan during a bowel movement, avoid coffee coffee, tea, chocolate, cola, alcoholic beverages can aggravate the symptoms.
9) Avoid heavy activities.
F. Complications
v recurrent hernia,
v Damage to the blood supply, nerves if pasienlaki testes or male,
Excessive bleeding v / lluka surgical infections,
v Injury to the bowel (if not careful),
v After herniografi hematoma can occur,
v Fostes urine and feces,
v Residip,
v Complications long is testicular atrophy due to lesions
NURSING MANAGEMENT G.
assessment
Post operative assessment of the patient's (Doenges, 1999) are included:
circulation
Symptoms: a history of heart problems, CHF, edemapulmonal, peripheral vascular disease, or stasisvascular (increased risk of thrombus formation).
ego integrity
Symptoms: feelings of anxiety, fear, anger, apathy; multiple stress factors, such as financial, relationship, lifestyle. Mark: can not break, the increase in tension / sensitive excitatory; sympathetic stimulation.
Food / fluid
Symptoms: pancreatic insufficiency / DM, (predisposing to hypoglycemia / ketoacidosis); malnutrition (termasukobesitas); dry mucous membranes (restriction intake / preoperative fasting period).
breathing
Symptoms: infection, chronic conditions / cough, smoking.
security
Symptoms: allergic / sensitive to medications, foods, plasters, and solutions; Immune deficiency (peningkaan risk of systemic infection and delay healing); The emergence of cancer / cancer therapies latest; Family history of malignant hyperthermia / anesthesia reaction; History penyakithepatic (effect of detoxification of drugs and may alter coagulation); History of blood transfusion / transfusion reactions.
Signs: menculnya infection exhausting process; fever.
Counseling / Learning
Symptoms: pengguanaan anticoagulation, steroids, antibiotics, antihypertensive, cardiotonic glokosid, antidisritmia, bronchodilator, diuretic, decongestant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant or tranquilizer and also the-counter medicines, or recreational drugs. Alcohol use (risk of kidney damage, which affects coagulation and choice of anesthesia, and also post-surgery potensialbagi withdrawal)
2 Nursing Diagnosis recurring
Postoperative period (Doenges, 1999).
Impaired sense of comfort (pain) associated with diskontuinitas network due to surgery.
Risk of infection associated with surgical incision / surgery.
Disruption of sleep patterns associated with postoperative pain.
Activity intolerance related to general weakness.
Post surgery care diagnostics (Doengoes 1999)
1) Impaired sense of comfort (pain) associated dengandiskontuinitas network due to surgery.
Purpose: Pain is lost or reduced
Criteria results:
- The client revealed reduced pain
- Vital signs are normal
- The patient appeared calm and relaxed
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