Translate

Wednesday 3 September 2014

PAPER Mathematics In Real Life

ntroduction

Formal education in a school environment ranging levels of preschool (kindergarten), elementary school, junior high school to high school has a curriculum that includes lessons and materials to be taught, one of the lessons is math. Most students think of mathematics as a subject that is difficult and scary, so a scourge for students. This is actually contrary to the actual state. Math benchmark graduation students (junior and senior) through diujikannya mathematics in national exams and are taught at all levels and majors.
The problem has not been received math voluntarily or by the student happy to be a job or task for teachers as educators, especially teachers of mathematics. This can be minimized by providing insight and direction as well as the right approach to students. In particular about the use or application of mathematics in other disciplines in everyday life. Intentionally or not intentionally or directly or indirectly, the community or students apply mathematics in everyday life. In addition through referrals and the right approach, it can also revise curriculum aligned with the conditions and circumstances.
Curriculum change has been made ​​by the government through the Ministry of National Education (MONE). New curriculum called Curriculum Unit Level Curriculum (SBC) which is adapted to the conditions and circumstances of the school. In addition to programs tailored to the level and expertise. Any material directed to be applied mathematics or applied in everyday life through the application questions.
Mathematics has an important role in the development of other sciences and able to answer the problems of life with a quick and precise and can be accounted for.

     Understanding Mathematics

According to the dictionary of Indonesian education is defined as the process of changing attitudes and code of conduct a person or group of people in human mature businesses through the efforts of teaching and training, processes, actions and how to educate. According to John Dewey, education is defined as the process of establishing the fundamental skills intellectually and emotionally toward nature and fellow human beings. Meanwhile, according to S.A. Subrata, education is defined as a deliberate attempt either held directly or indirectly to assist the child in its development reaches maturity. Based on some notion of education is the education can be defined as activities carried out directly or indirectly, in an effort to give someone change towards maturity in terms of patterns of thinking (cognitive), in terms of attitude (affective), and in terms of behavior (psychomotor).
Understanding mathematics according to the dictionary of Indonesian is the science of numbers, relationships among numbers and operational procedures used in problem solving numbers. In the development of this number applied to other sciences appropriate use. According to James and James (1976), mathematical logic is defined as the science of the shape, composition, scale, and the concepts are mutually berubungan each other by the number of which is divided into three areas: algebra, analysis and geometry. Meanwhile, according to Reys et al. (1984), mathematics is defined as a pattern and relationship analysis, a path or pattern of thinking, an art, a language, and a tool. Based on the mathematical notions that it can be interpreted as a mathematical science that studies the numbers and get up and concepts relating to the truth of logic using common symbols as well as applications in other fields. Mathematics education can be defined as the process of change in both the cognitive, affective, and cognitive to maturity in accordance with the logic of truth.
There are some mathematical characteristics, among others:

         Abstract objects studied.

Most learned in mathematics is numbers or numbers that obviously did not exist or the result of thinking human brain.

         Were correct based on logic.

Truth in mathematics is not an empirical truth logically. This means that the truth can not be proven through ekserimen as in physics or biology. For example, the value of 2 can not be proven with a calculator, but logically there is an answer that number is called an imaginary number (imaginary).

         Multilevel and continuous learning.

Giving or presentation of mathematical material tailored to the level of education and continuously performed. This means that in the study of mathematics should be repeated through exercises.

         There is a link between the material with each other.

The material to be learned or mastered the material must meet before. For example, when going to learn about the contents of a volume or the geometry of the material to be mastered area and perimeter of a flat field.

         Using the language of symbols.

In the delivery of content using mathematical symbols that have been agreed upon and understood in general. For example, using the summation symbol "+" so there is no dualism answer.

         Another field of applied sciences.

The material is widely used or applied mathematics in other disciplines. For example, the material functions used in economics to study the function of demands and supply functions.
Based on these characteristics, the math is a science that is important in life and even in the development of science. It should be emphasized to students before studying mathematics and understood by teachers.
In terms of students, an understanding of the benefits of mathematics in life is very important. There is a saying "Do not know it was love, not love then no love". This means that in the process of learning, especially learning mathematics, students must know first what is mathematics? how the math? for what is mathematics?. The motivation should be given so that the interest or willingness of students to learn mathematics appear, so that the learning process they will be able to receive focus and well studied material.
In terms of the teacher, in giving or teaching mathematics are required to meet several aspects of the educational background and mastery of the material and technical delivery of content. This means that teachers must have a background in math education degree (S-1) mathematics education. However, in practice many math teachers with non-education background mathematics. Procurement of materials related to the mastery of the curriculum, especially math curriculum. The curriculum has a sense as a number of subjects offered and must be taken or learned students to complete an education and earn a diploma. Understanding curriculum is able to organize. According to Tyler, formulate an effective organization of the curriculum are:

         Continuous (continuity), meaning that the implementation of the curriculum should not be interrupted half way through, do not connect, jump here jump there, because the subject matter of mathematical relationship is the relationship of the sub-competencies (material) with other sub kompetemensi. The material is difficult not to be skipped or simply provide easy material already mastered or even just in the same competence. Giving material is lost because teachers often do not attend.
         Sequential (sequence), meaning that the delivery of material to be gradual and tiered. Starting from the concrete to the abstract, from the easy to the difficult, the material on which the precondition or other material should be taught first. One example for the study of financial mathematics in class XI SMK second semester must master the material about sequence and series in one semester of classes XI SMK.
         The integration (integration), it means that one material with another material connection or no appropriate or relevant material can be used to solve problems that other materials in math. For example, to complete the matrix can be solved by a system of linear equations by elimination and substitution method. Even mathematics can be integrated with other subject matter referred to the application of mathematics. Examples finishing material demand and supply functions in economic subjects can be solved with the material functions in mathematics. Calculating the velocity or acceleration can be solved by material limits. There are still a lot of use of mathematics in other sciences, it is related to mathematical terms as the "mother of science". That is math help in the development of other sciences.

The curriculum for the teacher serves as a guide for preparing teachers, implement, evaluate, and conduct remedial / enrichment programs according to / in accordance material taught.
Teachers also need to understand the psychology of student learning, the students should learn in a happy and unstressed conditions so that students will respect the lessons to be learned. Appearance and attitude traits of a good teacher must and friendly. Most students think that mathematics teacher fierce and frightening, it must be changed by the teacher to make students better pedekatan and no reward or punishment by physical but with considerable activity. For example, when students do not do homework, give the penalty to give the task record new material, not to be punished with such violence outside of the classroom and told to run on the field. It does not educate, because it will give a poor response from students so that they would be reluctant to learn.
Teachers also need to have creativity, especially in terms of teaching methods. Teaching methods should be adapted to the characteristics and weight of the material. Matemetika material can be provided by a demonstration or experiment or observation to the field. For example, the material can be presented through the figures with models geometry, trigonometry material measuring the height of an object can be done with practice in the field. So the creative demands that teachers should be implemented for the conventional method (lecture) delivery of material is less effective. That is the teaching of mathematics can be through modern appliances according to the times.
In addition, the teacher must be firm in which the concept-oriented conception of mathematics:

         formalistic; modern sense, mixtures, relationships, functions, groups, vectors are introduced and incorporated with the definition and linked to each other in a deductive system arranged.
         The world around him with the starting point of the theme is taken from the reach of the student experience. Students have a duty to investigate means mematematiskan surrounding circumstances surrounding the mathematical content, its use, especially in the simple example in everyday life.
         Heuristic, the system is trained their students to find something independently. According Poyla, efforts to experience the beginning of solving the problem is primarily a way of thinking in this process in particular can be used, leading to the discovery of ways, stimulating research, perekaan thus increasing interest in mathematics.
         Mathematics as a tool that is as technical readiness, then be understood and assessed the possibility of its implementation and application can be made ​​to all fields.

The role of mathematics in education and education as a whole is very knowledgeable not only concerned about the technical and scientific terms alone. The proof that the problems of everyday life can be described in a mathematical model so that the solution is faster and simpler. This is consistent with the purpose of teaching mathematics in schools as stipulated in the mathematics curriculum that trains students to think critically, creative, innovative, and able to resolve problems with short and precise and can be accounted for. According to H. Winter (1972), students should learn to argue, to understand what was being said, understand and can mengabstraksikannya thus balancing the use of the left brain and the right brain (left brain is used to calculate and right brain for creativity) to mematematisasikan situation around him. So the teacher must be able to communicate well in the learning activities that the material or concepts presented are not disalahterimakan students. This is so that teaching math is not boring, interesting, and fun.
According to Cockroft (1982), mathematics is difficult to learn and difficult to teach because the object being studied, namely abstract numbers or numbers and have a strict hierarchy and a lot of manipulation emblem. Teachers should be able to develop the personal qualities and their students as a whole, namely:

         With good work habits such as: imaginative, creative, and flexible, systematic, independent in thought and action, working together, and meticulous.
         A positive attitude towards mathematics among others: fascinated with mathematics; interested and motivated; excited and loved mathematics; appreciate the intent, strength, and relevance of mathematics in life; growing satisfaction of success and confidence in his ability to do math.

Teachers must evaluate each program teaching material and teaching methods. Whether it is appropriate or not with the purpose of teaching. It can be seen from the value of math student, if above the average of the need for enrichment and if below the average of the need for remedial.

3.Matematika in Daily Life and Future Prospects
One of the characteristics of mathematics is applied or applied in other disciplines and in everyday life. Developments in science and technology is the role of mathematics. When there is a study to create something new or to develop an existing thing, then the math is used when doing research. Start formulation of the problem, collection of data and facts, and the depiction of data processing and analyzing the data until withdrawal conclusions. When there is a problem it is necessary to study the settlement or solution. These conditions through the use of mathematical investigation and problem solving. Secondly it is the heart of mathematics to help students improve their ability to find, analyze, and prove and can memebantu students menyelesaiakan problems vary according to the situation. There are five steps to resolve the problem:

         Presents a form of problem solving in general.
         Restate the problem in the form of operations.
         Determine the strategy or procedure to solve the problem.
         Resolve the problem.
         Analyze and evaluate problem-solving strategies and find new problem-solving strategies.

Mathematics can be used to select or filter data. As a test of selection of candidates for civil servants, police, military, student, or employee mahasaiswa using tests written with mathematical material (usually logic and arithmetic) to determine the ability to think quickly and be able to resolve the problem. Mathematical techniques used in the field such as engineering or computer informatics uses the concept of number bases, industrial engineering or mathematical machinery used to determine the accuracy of a measuring instrument or tool used. According to Andrea J. O'Connor that "Mathematic is used by engineers to solve a very wide range of problems, Including Calculations for building design, machines, electronic components or chemical plants". Economic field using the concept of function to predict production and sales.
There is a saying "Who controls the language of mathematics, and then he will rule the world". This means that mathematics as a medium for training critical thinking, innovative, creative, independent, and able to resolve problems, while the language as a medium of conveying ideas or ideas and that is the human mind. In addition there is a term "used in the computer age is not brain muscles". In any community of people indirectly already using mathematics. Like when calculating the income, crop yields, amount of expenditure, land area, spacious house, fare, inheritance rights, and many others. Clear that mathematics is important in everyday life, so if there are students who want to avoid math actually says it can not be done. Because like it or not math is used in daily activities.
Based on this phenomenon, the mathematical process in the future is great. Particularly in the world of education, based on the latest mathematics curriculum has the most hours of lessons (elementary level an average of 6 hours; junior secondary level the average 4-5 hours per week; rate SMK average of 5 hours of instruction per week; levels of high school or MA program as IPA 8 hours, IPS 4 hours, 3 hours Language). This makes some people interested in entering the world of education to become a math teacher. People who have graduated (S-1) non-education mathematics to mathematics education resume or simply obtain Act IV. In addition to the formal educational institutions, mathematics has a great opportunity in the non-formal institutions such as courses or private institutions. Math was never dry enthusiasts as future prospects are very good. Compared to work as employees of companies who use the system contracts become better math teacher because there is no teacher in terms of layoffs. Income math teacher, although a small but continuous and clear as long as there are humans then education will go on just like the proverbial "lifelong education".
It is evocative educational institution of higher learning to open mathematics education courses. Due to demand in addition to the teachers who have achieved a diploma and employees of private companies, young children who just graduated from high school also got interested in mathematics. Many high school graduates of all programs go into mathematics education. For those who do not like math have to change the consideration of mathematics because inevitably every day he will be faced with math. Moreover Prosek very good math in the future. This is the main attraction, so there is a trend that many people switched professions to become teachers, especially mathematics teacher education institutions both in formal and non-formal.

           conclusion

     Mathematics is a science that has an important role in education and life, but still much less love, fear, not interested though in everyday life can not be separated from the question of mathematics.
     Mathematics education in schools needs to be understood and developed in accordance with the times. It is to reproduce material mathematical applications in the field of expertise. Due to the mathematical form critical thinking, creative, inovatis, and independent and able to resolve problems appropriately and be accountable.
     Teachers have an important role in learning mathematics. So the math teacher must meet several criteria, namely:
         Mastering the material well, it is related to the educational background of the teacher.
         Mastering the techniques of teaching mathematics well, this is related to the activity and innovation in the teacher makes learning suggestions as props and tricks to motivate students.
         Master classes and student well, meaning that teachers should understand the character and abilities of students.
     Many mathematical concepts applied in other sciences, it is in accordance with the terms of mathematics as a science of its parent. And mathematical concepts applied in solving many problems in daily life.

No comments:

Post a Comment